如图，是一种通用的用户权限模型。一般情况下会有5张表，分别是：用户表，角色表，权限表，用户角色关系表，角色权限对应表。
一般，资源分配时是基于角色的（即，资源访问权限赋给角色，用户通过角色进而拥有权限）；而访问资源的时候是基于资源权限去进行授权判断的。
Spring Security和Apache Shiro是两个应用比较多的权限管理框架。Spring Security依赖Spring，其功能强大，相对于Shiro而言学习难度稍大一些。
Spring的强大是不言而喻的，可扩展性也很强，强大到用Spring家族的产品只要按照其推荐的做法来就非常非常简单，否则，自己去整合过程可能会很痛苦。
目前，我们项目是基于Spring Boot的，而且Spring Boot的权限管理也是推荐使用Spring Security的，所以再难也是要学习的。
Spring Security简介
Spring Security致力于为Java应用提供认证和授权管理。它是一个强大的，高度自定义的认证和访问控制框架。
具体介绍参见https://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/5.0.5.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/
这句话包括两个关键词：Authentication（认证）和 Authorization（授权，也叫访问控制）
认证是验证用户身份的合法性，而授权是控制你可以做什么。
简单地来说，认证就是你是谁，授权就是你可以做什么。
在开始集成之前，我们先简单了解几个接口：
AuthenticationProvider
AuthenticationProvider接口是用于认证的，可以通过实现这个接口来定制我们自己的认证逻辑，它的实现类有很多，默认的是JaasAuthenticationProvider
它的全称是 Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS)
AccessDecisionManager
AccessDecisionManager是用于访问控制的，它决定用户是否可以访问某个资源，实现这个接口可以定制我们自己的授权逻辑。
AccessDecisionVoter
AccessDecisionVoter是投票器，在授权的时通过投票的方式来决定用户是否可以访问，这里涉及到投票规则。
UserDetailsService
UserDetailsService是用于加载特定用户信息的，它只有一个接口通过指定的用户名去查询用户。
UserDetails
UserDetails代表用户信息，即主体，相当于Shiro中的Subject。User是它的一个实现。
Spring Boot集成Spring Security
按照官方文档的说法，为了定义我们自己的认证管理，我们可以添加UserDetailsService, AuthenticationProvider, or AuthenticationManager这种类型的Bean。
实现的方式有多种，这里我选择最简单的一种（因为本身我们这里的认证授权也比较简单）
通过定义自己的UserDetailsService从数据库查询用户信息，至于认证的话就用默认的。
Maven依赖
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 4 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 5 6 <groupId>com.cjs.example</groupId> 7 <artifactId>cjs-springsecurity-example</artifactId> 8 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 9 <packaging>jar</packaging> 10 11 <name>cjs-springsecurity-example</name> 12 <description></description> 13 14 <parent> 15 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 16 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> 17 <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version> 18 <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> 19 </parent> 20 21 <properties> 22 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> 23 <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> 24 <java.version>1.8</java.version> 25 </properties> 26 27 <dependencies> 28 <dependency> 29 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 30 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId> 31 </dependency> 32 <dependency> 33 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 34 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId> 35 </dependency> 36 <dependency> 37 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 38 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> 39 </dependency> 40 <dependency> 41 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 42 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> 43 </dependency> 44 <dependency> 45 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 46 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 47 </dependency> 48 <dependency> 49 <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId> 50 <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4</artifactId> 51 <version>3.0.2.RELEASE</version> 52 </dependency> 53 54 55 <dependency> 56 <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> 57 <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> 58 <optional>true</optional> 59 </dependency> 60 <dependency> 61 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 62 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> 63 <scope>test</scope> 64 </dependency> 65 <dependency> 66 <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> 67 <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId> 68 <scope>test</scope> 69 </dependency> 70 </dependencies> 71 72 <build> 73 <plugins> 74 <plugin> 75 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 76 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> 77 </plugin> 78 </plugins> 79 </build> 80 81 </project>
Security配置
1 package com.cjs.example.config; 2 3 import com.cjs.example.support.MyUserDetailsService; 4 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 5 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; 6 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; 7 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder; 8 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity; 9 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity; 10 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity; 11 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter; 12 import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder; 13 import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder; 14 15 @Configuration 16 @EnableWebSecurity 17 @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true) // 启用方法级别的权限认证 18 public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { 19 20 @Autowired 21 private MyUserDetailsService myUserDetailsService; 22 23 24 @Override 25 protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { 26 // 允许所有用户访问"/"和"/index.html" 27 http.authorizeRequests() 28 .antMatchers("/", "/index.html").permitAll() 29 .anyRequest().authenticated() // 其他地址的访问均需验证权限 30 .and() 31 .formLogin() 32 .loginPage("/login.html") // 登录页 33 .failureUrl("/login-error.html").permitAll() 34 .and() 35 .logout() 36 .logoutSuccessUrl("/index.html"); 37 } 38 39 @Override 40 protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { 41 auth.userDetailsService(myUserDetailsService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder()); 42 } 43 44 @Bean 45 public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() { 46 return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); 47 } 48 49 }
MyUserDetailsService
1 package com.cjs.example.support; 2 3 import com.cjs.example.entity.SysPermission; 4 import com.cjs.example.entity.SysRole; 5 import com.cjs.example.entity.SysUser; 6 import com.cjs.example.service.UserService; 7 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 8 import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority; 9 import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User; 10 import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails; 11 import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService; 12 import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException; 13 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; 14 15 import java.util.ArrayList; 16 import java.util.List; 17 18 @Service 19 public class MyUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService { 20 21 @Autowired 22 private UserService userService; 23 24 /** 25 * 授权的时候是对角色授权，而认证的时候应该基于资源，而不是角色，因为资源是不变的，而用户的角色是会变的 26 */ 27 28 @Override 29 public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException { 30 SysUser sysUser = userService.getUserByName(username); 31 if (null == sysUser) { 32 throw new UsernameNotFoundException(username); 33 } 34 List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>(); 35 for (SysRole role : sysUser.getRoleList()) { 36 for (SysPermission permission : role.getPermissionList()) { 37 authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority(permission.getCode())); 38 } 39 } 40 41 return new User(sysUser.getUsername(), sysUser.getPassword(), authorities); 42 } 43 }
权限分配
1 package com.cjs.example.service.impl; 2 3 import com.cjs.example.dao.UserDao; 4 import com.cjs.example.entity.SysUser; 5 import com.cjs.example.service.UserService; 6 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 7 import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable; 8 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; 9 10 @Service 11 public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { 12 13 @Autowired 14 private UserDao userDao; 15 16 @Cacheable(cacheNames = "authority", key = "#username") 17 @Override 18 public SysUser getUserByName(String username) { 19 return userDao.selectByName(username); 20 } 21 }
1 package com.cjs.example.dao; 2 3 import com.cjs.example.entity.SysPermission; 4 import com.cjs.example.entity.SysRole; 5 import com.cjs.example.entity.SysUser; 6 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; 7 import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; 8 9 import java.util.Arrays; 10 11 @Slf4j 12 @Repository 13 public class UserDao { 14 15 private SysRole admin = new SysRole("ADMIN", "管理员"); 16 private SysRole developer = new SysRole("DEVELOPER", "开发者"); 17 18 { 19 SysPermission p1 = new SysPermission(); 20 p1.setCode("UserIndex"); 21 p1.setName("个人中心"); 22 p1.setUrl("/user/index.html"); 23 24 SysPermission p2 = new SysPermission(); 25 p2.setCode("BookList"); 26 p2.setName("图书列表"); 27 p2.setUrl("/book/list"); 28 29 SysPermission p3 = new SysPermission(); 30 p3.setCode("BookAdd"); 31 p3.setName("添加图书"); 32 p3.setUrl("/book/add"); 33 34 SysPermission p4 = new SysPermission(); 35 p4.setCode("BookDetail"); 36 p4.setName("查看图书"); 37 p4.setUrl("/book/detail"); 38 39 admin.setPermissionList(Arrays.asList(p1, p2, p3, p4)); 40 developer.setPermissionList(Arrays.asList(p1, p2)); 41 42 } 43 44 public SysUser selectByName(String username) { 45 log.info("从数据库中查询用户"); 46 if ("zhangsan".equals(username)) { 47 SysUser sysUser = new SysUser("zhangsan", "$2a$10$EIfFrWGINQzP.tmtdLd2hurtowwsIEQaPFR9iffw2uSKCOutHnQEm"); 48 sysUser.setRoleList(Arrays.asList(admin, developer)); 49 return sysUser; 50 }else if ("lisi".equals(username)) { 51 SysUser sysUser = new SysUser("lisi", "$2a$10$EIfFrWGINQzP.tmtdLd2hurtowwsIEQaPFR9iffw2uSKCOutHnQEm"); 52 sysUser.setRoleList(Arrays.asList(developer)); 53 return sysUser; 54 } 55 return null; 56 } 57 58 }
示例
这里我设计的例子是用户登录成功以后跳到个人中心，然后用户可以可以进入图书列表查看。
用户zhangsan可以查看所有的，而lisi只能查看图书列表，不能添加不能查看详情。
页面设计
LoginController.java
1 package com.cjs.example.controller; 2 3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 4 import org.springframework.ui.Model; 5 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 6 7 @Controller 8 public class LoginController { 9 10 // Login form 11 @RequestMapping("/login.html") 12 public String login() { 13 return "login.html"; 14 } 15 16 // Login form with error 17 @RequestMapping("/login-error.html") 18 public String loginError(Model model) { 19 model.addAttribute("loginError", true); 20 return "login.html"; 21 } 22 23 }
BookController.java
1 package com.cjs.example.controller; 2 3 import org.springframework.security.access.prepost.PreAuthorize; 4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 5 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; 6 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 7 8 @Controller 9 @RequestMapping("/book") 10 public class BookController { 11 12 @PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('BookList')") 13 @GetMapping("/list.html") 14 public String list() { 15 return "book/list"; 16 } 17 18 @PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('BookAdd')") 19 @GetMapping("/add.html") 20 public String add() { 21 return "book/add"; 22 } 23 24 @PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('BookDetail')") 25 @GetMapping("/detail.html") 26 public String detail() { 27 return "book/detail"; 28 } 29 }
UserController.java
1 package com.cjs.example.controller; 2 3 import com.cjs.example.entity.SysUser; 4 import com.cjs.example.service.UserService; 5 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 6 import org.springframework.security.access.prepost.PreAuthorize; 7 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 8 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; 9 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 10 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; 11 12 @Controller 13 @RequestMapping("/user") 14 public class UserController { 15 16 @Autowired 17 private UserService userService; 18 19 /** 20 * 个人中心 21 */ 22 @PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('UserIndex')") 23 @GetMapping("/index") 24 public String index() { 25 return "user/index"; 26 } 27 28 @RequestMapping("/hi") 29 @ResponseBody 30 public String hi() { 31 SysUser sysUser = userService.getUserByName("zhangsan"); 32 return sysUser.toString(); 33 } 34 35 }
index.html
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>首页</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <h2>这里是首页</h2> 9 </body> 10 </html>
login.html
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="zh" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>Login page</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <h1>Login page</h1> 9 <p th:if="${loginError}" class="error">用户名或密码错误</p> 10 <form th:action="@{/login.html}" method="post"> 11 <label for="username">Username</label>: 12 <input type="text" id="username" name="username" autofocus="autofocus" /> <br /> 13 <label for="password">Password</label>: 14 <input type="password" id="password" name="password" /> <br /> 15 <input type="submit" value="Login" /> 16 </form> 17 </body> 18 </html>
/user/index.html
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="zh" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>个人中心</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <h2>个人中心</h2> 9 <div th:insert="~{fragments/header::logout}"></div> 10 <a href="/book/list.html">图书列表</a> 11 </body> 12 </html>
/book/list.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org" xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>图书列表</title> </head> <body> <div th:insert="~{fragments/header::logout}"></div> <h2>图书列表</h2> <div sec:authorize="hasAuthority('BookAdd')"> <button onclick="">添加</button> </div> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" style="width: 20%"> <thead> <tr> <th>名称</th> <th>出版社</th> <th>价格</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Java从入门到放弃</td> <td>机械工业出版社</td> <td>39</td> <td><span sec:authorize="hasAuthority('BookDetail')"><a href="/book/detail.html">查看</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td>MySQ从删库到跑路</td> <td>清华大学出版社</td> <td>59</td> <td><span sec:authorize="hasAuthority('BookDetail')"><a href="/book/detail.html">查看</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </body> </html>
header.html
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org" xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4"> 3 <body> 4 <div th:fragment="logout" class="logout" sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()"> 5 Logged in user: <span sec:authentication="name"></span> | 6 Roles: <span sec:authentication="principal.authorities"></span> 7 <div> 8 <form action="#" th:action="@{/logout}" method="post"> 9 <input type="submit" value="退出" /> 10 </form> 11 </div> 12 </div> 13 </body> 14 </html>
错误处理
ErrorController.java
1 package com.cjs.example.controller; 2 3 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; 4 import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; 5 import org.springframework.ui.Model; 6 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice; 7 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler; 8 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus; 9 10 @Slf4j 11 @ControllerAdvice 12 public class ErrorController { 13 14 @ExceptionHandler(Throwable.class) 15 @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR) 16 public String exception(final Throwable throwable, final Model model) { 17 log.error("Exception during execution of SpringSecurity application", throwable); 18 String errorMessage = (throwable != null ? throwable.getMessage() : "Unknown error"); 19 model.addAttribute("errorMessage", errorMessage); 20 return "error"; 21 } 22 23 }
error.html
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> 3 <head> 4 <title>Error page</title> 5 <meta charset="utf-8" /> 6 </head> 7 <body th:with="httpStatus=${T(org.springframework.http.HttpStatus).valueOf(#response.status)}"> 8 <h1 th:text="|${httpStatus} - ${httpStatus.reasonPhrase}|">404</h1> 9 <p th:utext="${errorMessage}">Error java.lang.NullPointerException</p> 10 <a href="index.html" th:href="@{/index.html}">返回首页</a> 11 </body> 12 </html>
效果演示
zhangsan登录
lisi登录
至此，可以实现基本的权限管理
工程结构
代码已上传至https://github.com/chengjiansheng/cjs-springsecurity-example.git
访问控制表达式
其它
通常情况下登录成功或者失败以后不是跳转到页面而是返回json数据，该怎么做呢？
可以继承SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler，并在配置中指定successHandler或者继承SimpleUrlAuthenticationFailureHandler，并在配置中指定failureHandler
1 package com.cjs.example.handler; 2 3 import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication; 4 import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler; 5 6 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 9 import java.io.IOException; 10 import java.util.HashMap; 11 12 public class MySavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler extends SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler { 13 @Override 14 public void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Authentication authentication) throws ServletException, IOException { 15 16 // // Use the DefaultSavedRequest URL 17 // String targetUrl = savedRequest.getRedirectUrl(); 18 // logger.debug("Redirecting to DefaultSavedRequest Url: " + targetUrl); 19 // getRedirectStrategy().sendRedirect(request, response, targetUrl); 20 21 Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(); 22 response.getWriter().write(JSON.toJSONString(map)); 23 24 25 } 26 }
这么复杂感觉还不如自己写个Filter还简单些
是的，仅仅是这些的话还真不如自己写个过滤器来得简单，但是Spring Security的功能远不止如此，比如OAuth2，CSRF等等
这个只适用单应用，不可能每个需要权限的系统都这么去写，可以不可以做成认证中心，做单点登录？
当然是可以的，而且必须可以。权限分配可以用一个管理后台，认证和授权必须独立出来，下一节用OAuth2.0来实现
参考
https://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/5.0.5.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#el-pre-post-annotations
https://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/5.0.5.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#getting-started
https://www.thymeleaf.org/doc/articles/standarddialect5minutes.html
https://www.thymeleaf.org/doc/articles/layouts.html
https://www.thymeleaf.org/doc/articles/springsecurity.html
https://blog.csdn.net/u283056051/article/details/55803855
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000008893479
https://www.bbsmax.com/A/A2dmY2DWde/
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29580525/article/details/79317969
欢迎各位转载，但必须在文章页面中给出作者和原文链接！
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