上一节中我们通过http协议，采用HttpClient向服务器端action请求数据。当然调用服务器端方法获取数据并不止这一种。WebService也可以为我们提供所需数据，
那么什么是webService呢？，它是一种基于SAOP协议的远程调用标准，通过webservice可以将不同操作系统平台，不同语言，不同技术整合到一起。
我们在PC机器java客户端中，需要一些库，比如XFire,Axis2,CXF等等来支持访问WebService，但是这些库并不适合我们资源有限的android手机客户端，做过JAVA ME的人都知道有KSOAP这个第三方的类库，可以帮助我们获取服务器端webService调用，当然KSOAP已经提供了基于android版本的jar包了，那么我们就开始吧：
首先下载KSOAP包：ksoap2-android-assembly-2.5.2-jar-with-dependencies.jar包
然后新建android项目：并把下载的KSOAP包放在android项目的lib目录下：右键->build path->configure build path--选择Libraries，如图：
以下分为七个步骤来调用WebService方法：
第一：实例化SoapObject 对象，指定webService的命名空间（从相关WSDL文档中可以查看命名空间），以及调用方法名称。如：
View Code
//命名空间
private static final String serviceNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/";
//调用方法(获得支持的城市)
private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity";
//实例化SoapObject对象
SoapObject request=new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportCity);
第二步：假设方法有参数的话,设置调用方法参数
request.addProperty("参数名称","参数值");
第三步：设置SOAP请求信息(参数部分为SOAP协议版本号，与你要调用的webService中版本号一致):
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//获得序列化的Envelope
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.bodyOut=request;
第四步：注册Envelope,
(new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope);
第五步：构建传输对象，并指明WSDL文档URL：
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//请求URL
private static final String serviceURL="http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx";
//Android传输对象
AndroidHttpTransport transport=new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL);
transport.debug=true;
第六步：调用WebService(其中参数为1：命名空间+方法名称，2：Envelope对象):
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transport.call(serviceNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);
第七步：解析返回数据：
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if(envelope.getResponse()!=null){
return parse(envelope.bodyIn.toString());
}
/**************
* 解析XML
* @param str
* @return
*/
private static List<String> parse(String str){
String temp;
List<String> list=new ArrayList<String>();
if(str!=null && str.length()>0){
int start=str.indexOf("string");
int end=str.lastIndexOf(";");
temp=str.substring(start, end-3);
String []test=temp.split(";");
for(int i=0;i<test.length;i++){
if(i==0){
temp=test[i].substring(7);
}else{
temp=test[i].substring(8);
}
int index=temp.indexOf(",");
list.add(temp.substring(0, index));
}
}
return list;
}
这样就成功啦。那么现在我们就来测试下吧，这里有个地址提供webService天气预报的服务的，我这里只提供获取城市列表：
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//命名空间
private static final String serviceNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/";
//请求URL
private static final String serviceURL="http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx";
//调用方法(获得支持的城市)
private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity";
//调用城市的方法(需要带参数)
private static final String getWeatherbyCityName="getWeatherbyCityName";
//调用省或者直辖市的方法(获得支持的省份或直辖市)
private static final String getSupportProvince="getSupportProvince";
然后你可以在浏览器中输入地址（WSDL）：serviceURL,你会看到一些可供调用的方法：
我们选择获取国内外主要城市或者省份的方法吧：getSupportProvice,然后调用，你会发现浏览器返回给我们的是xml文档：
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
- <ArrayOfString xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
<string>直辖市</string>
<string>特别行政区</string>
<string>黑龙江</string>
<string>吉林</string>
<string>辽宁</string>
<string>内蒙古</string>
<string>河北</string>
<string>河南</string>
<string>山东</string>
<string>山西</string>
<string>江苏</string>
<string>安徽</string>
<string>陕西</string>
<string>宁夏</string>
<string>甘肃</string>
<string>青海</string>
<string>湖北</string>
<string>湖南</string>
<string>浙江</string>
<string>江西</string>
<string>福建</string>
<string>贵州</string>
<string>四川</string>
<string>广东</string>
<string>广西</string>
<string>云南</string>
<string>海南</string>
<string>新疆</string>
<string>西藏</string>
<string>台湾</string>
<string>亚洲</string>
<string>欧洲</string>
<string>非洲</string>
<string>北美洲</string>
<string>南美洲</string>
<string>大洋洲</string>
</ArrayOfString>
我们可以用 listview来显示：
那么下面我将给出全部代码：
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public class WebServiceHelper {
//WSDL文档中的命名空间
private static final String targetNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/";
//WSDL文档中的URL
private static final String WSDL="http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx?wsdl";
//需要调用的方法名(获得本天气预报Web Services支持的洲、国内外省份和城市信息)
private static final String getSupportProvince="getSupportProvince";
//需要调用的方法名(获得本天气预报Web Services支持的城市信息,根据省份查询城市集合：带参数)
private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity";
//根据城市或地区名称查询获得未来三天内天气情况、现在的天气实况、天气和生活指数
private static final String getWeatherbyCityName="getWeatherbyCityName";
/********
* 获得州，国内外省份和城市信息
* @return
*/
public List<String> getProvince(){
List<String> provinces=new ArrayList<String>();
String str="";
SoapObject soapObject=new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getSupportProvince);
//request.addProperty("参数", "参数值");调用的方法参数与参数值（根据具体需要可选可不选）
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.dotNet=true;
envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject);//envelope.bodyOut=request;
AndroidHttpTransport httpTranstation=new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL);
//或者HttpTransportSE httpTranstation=new HttpTransportSE(WSDL);
try {
httpTranstation.call(targetNameSpace+getSupportProvince, envelope);
SoapObject result=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse();
//下面对结果进行解析，结构类似json对象
//str=(String) result.getProperty(6).toString();
int count=result.getPropertyCount();
for(int index=0;index<count;index++){
provinces.add(result.getProperty(index).toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return provinces;
}
/**********
* 根据省份或者直辖市获取天气预报所支持的城市集合
* @param province
* @return
*/
public List<String> getCitys(String province){
List<String> citys=new ArrayList<String>();
SoapObject soapObject=new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getSupportCity);
soapObject.addProperty("byProvinceName", province);
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.dotNet=true;
envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject);
AndroidHttpTransport httpTransport=new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL);
try {
httpTransport.call(targetNameSpace+getSupportCity, envelope);
SoapObject result=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse();
int count=result.getPropertyCount();
for(int index=0;index<count;index++){
citys.add(result.getProperty(index).toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return citys;
}
/***************************
* 根据城市信息获取天气预报信息
* @param city
* @return
***************************/
public WeatherBean getWeatherByCity(String city){
WeatherBean bean=new WeatherBean();
SoapObject soapObject=new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getWeatherbyCityName);
soapObject.addProperty("theCityName",city);//调用的方法参数与参数值（根据具体需要可选可不选）
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.dotNet=true;
envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject);//envelope.bodyOut=request;
AndroidHttpTransport httpTranstation=new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL);
//或者HttpTransportSE httpTranstation=new HttpTransportSE(WSDL);
try {
httpTranstation.call(targetNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);
SoapObject result=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse();
//下面对结果进行解析，结构类似json对象
bean=parserWeather(result);
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return bean;
}
/**
* 解析返回的结果
* @param soapObject
*/
protected WeatherBean parserWeather(SoapObject soapObject){
WeatherBean bean=new WeatherBean();
List<Map<String,Object>> list=new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();
Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
//城市名
bean.setCityName(soapObject.getProperty(1).toString());
//城市简介
bean.setCityDescription(soapObject.getProperty(soapObject.getPropertyCount()-1).toString());
//天气实况+建议
bean.setLiveWeather(soapObject.getProperty(10).toString()+"\n"+soapObject.getProperty(11).toString());
//其他数据
//日期，
String date=soapObject.getProperty(6).toString();
//---------------------------------------------------
String weatherToday="今天：" + date.split(" ")[0];
weatherToday+="\n天气："+ date.split(" ")[1];
weatherToday+="\n气温："+soapObject.getProperty(5).toString();
weatherToday+="\n风力："+soapObject.getProperty(7).toString();
weatherToday+="\n";
List<Integer> icons=new ArrayList<Integer>();
icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(8).toString()));
icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(9).toString()));
map.put("weatherDay", weatherToday);
map.put("icons",icons);
list.add(map);
//-------------------------------------------------
map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
date=soapObject.getProperty(13).toString();
String weatherTomorrow="明天：" + date.split(" ")[0];
weatherTomorrow+="\n天气："+ date.split(" ")[1];
weatherTomorrow+="\n气温："+soapObject.getProperty(12).toString();
weatherTomorrow+="\n风力："+soapObject.getProperty(14).toString();
weatherTomorrow+="\n";
icons=new ArrayList<Integer>();
icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(15).toString()));
icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(16).toString()));
map.put("weatherDay", weatherTomorrow);
map.put("icons",icons);
list.add(map);
//--------------------------------------------------------------
map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
date=soapObject.getProperty(18).toString();
String weatherAfterTomorrow="后天：" + date.split(" ")[0];
weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n天气："+ date.split(" ")[1];
weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n气温："+soapObject.getProperty(17).toString();
weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n风力："+soapObject.getProperty(19).toString();
weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n";
icons=new ArrayList<Integer>();
icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(20).toString()));
icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(21).toString()));
map.put("weatherDay", weatherAfterTomorrow);
map.put("icons",icons);
list.add(map);
//--------------------------------------------------------------
bean.setList(list);
return bean;
}
//解析图标字符串
private int parseIcon(String data){
// 0.gif，返回名称0,
int resID=32;
String result=data.substring(0, data.length()-4).trim();
// String []icon=data.split(".");
// String result=icon[0].trim();
// Log.e("this is the icon", result.trim());
if(!result.equals("nothing")){
resID=Integer.parseInt(result.trim());
}
return resID;
//return ("a_"+data).split(".")[0];
}
}
以及帮助类：
View Code
public class WebServiceUtil {
//命名空间
private static final String serviceNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/";
//请求URL
private static final String serviceURL="http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx";
//调用方法(获得支持的城市)
private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity";
//调用城市的方法(需要带参数)
private static final String getWeatherbyCityName="getWeatherbyCityName";
//调用省或者直辖市的方法(获得支持的省份或直辖市)
private static final String getSupportProvince="getSupportProvince";
/*************
* @return城市列表
*************/
public static List<String> getCityList(){
//实例化SoapObject对象
SoapObject request=new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportCity);
//获得序列化的Envelope
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.bodyOut=request;
(new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope);
//Android传输对象
AndroidHttpTransport transport=new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL);
transport.debug=true;
//调用
try {
transport.call(serviceNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);
if(envelope.getResponse()!=null){
return parse(envelope.bodyIn.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
public static List<String> getProviceList(){
//实例化SoapObject对象
SoapObject request=new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportProvince);
//获得序列化的Envelope
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.bodyOut=request;
(new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope);
//Android传输对象
AndroidHttpTransport transport=new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL);
transport.debug=true;
//调用
try {
transport.call(serviceNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);
if(envelope.getResponse()!=null){
return null;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/*************
* @param cityName
* @return
*************/
public static String getWeather(String cityName){
return "";
}
/**************
* 解析XML
* @param str
* @return
*/
private static List<String> parse(String str){
String temp;
List<String> list=new ArrayList<String>();
if(str!=null && str.length()>0){
int start=str.indexOf("string");
int end=str.lastIndexOf(";");
temp=str.substring(start, end-3);
String []test=temp.split(";");
for(int i=0;i<test.length;i++){
if(i==0){
temp=test[i].substring(7);
}else{
temp=test[i].substring(8);
}
int index=temp.indexOf(",");
list.add(temp.substring(0, index));
}
}
return list;
}
/*********
* 获取天气
* @param soapObject
*/
private void parseWeather(SoapObject soapObject){
//String date=soapObject.getProperty(6);
}
}
以上就是我所作的查询天气预报的全部核心代码了，读者可以根据注释以及本文章了解下具体实现，相信很快就搞明白了，运行结果如下：
到此结束，下一节主要是socket通信了。
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